Environmental allergies occur when the body's immune system reacts to various environmental substances, including pollen, mold, dust mites, or animal dander. These allergens can trigger symptoms ranging from sneezing and congestion to itchy eyes and throat irritation. At Southern ENT Associates, we specialize in diagnosing and treating environmental allergies to help patients find relief and improve their quality of life.
Diagnosing Environmental Allergies
Diagnosing environmental allergies involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and allergy testing. Our experienced ENT specialists use advanced diagnostic techniques to identify the specific allergens triggering your symptoms. The tests performed to determine the environmental triggers can include:
Skin Prick Test
Skin prick testing is a standard method for identifying allergens triggering environmental allergies. A small amount of allergen extract is applied to the skin during this test, usually on the forearm or back. The skin is then pricked with a tiny needle to allow the allergen to enter. If you are allergic to the specific allergen, you'll develop a raised bump or hive at the site within 15 to 20 minutes.
Intradermal Test
Intradermal testing involves injecting a small amount of allergen extract under the skin, typically on the forearm. This test is more sensitive than skin prick testing and is often used when skin prick tests yield inconclusive results. Like skin prick testing, the appearance of a raised bump or hive indicates an allergic reaction to the allergen.
Blood Test (RAST or ImmunoCAP)
Blood tests, such as RAST (Radioallergosorbent test) or ImmunoCAP (Immunoassay with Chemiluminescent Detection), measure the levels of specific antibodies (IgE) in the blood that are produced in response to allergens. These tests can detect allergen-specific IgE antibodies, providing information about the allergens triggering your environmental allergies. Blood tests are particularly useful when skin testing is not feasible or if you have a skin condition that may interfere with the results.
Patch Test
Patch testing is primarily used to diagnose contact dermatitis caused by environmental allergens, such as certain metals, latex, or fragrances. During this test, small amounts of allergens are applied to adhesive patches, which are then placed on the skin, typically on the back. The patches remain in place for 48 hours before removal. If you develop a skin reaction (redness, itching, swelling) at the patch site, it indicates an allergic reaction to the specific allergen.
Treatments for Environmental Allergies
Once diagnosed, treatment options for environmental allergies may include:
- Avoidance measures to minimize exposure to allergens
- Over-the-counter or prescription medications to alleviate symptoms
- Allergy immunotherapy (such as allergy shots or sublingual drops) to desensitize the immune system to allergens
- Nasal irrigation to flush out allergens from the nasal passages
- Environmental modifications, such as using air purifiers or allergen-proof bedding
